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Leptocytes, also known as target cells, exhibit a distinctive morphological appearance characterized by a cup-shaped form with hemoglobin dispersed around the periphery. This shape arises due to an increased surface area-to-volume ratio, typically resulting from conditions that affect red blood cell membrane composition or density, such as liver disease or certain hemoglobinopathies.

The cup shape is crucial in identifying leptocytes, as it provides insight into underlying pathophysiological processes affecting red blood cells. The central area appears pale, giving the target-like appearance that defines these cells. This morphology not only aids in the identification of leptocytes in microscopic examinations but also helps in diagnosing associated disorders.